Impacts on Ecosystems

Shoreline litter can harm ecosystems in a number of ways.

Photosynthesis

Imagine a crumpled up food wrapper casually tossed to the ground or a plastic bag blowing in the wind. These and other litter items can end up smothering plants and small organisms, blocking the sunlight they need for photosynthesis. This is an important process that provides the energy for them to grow and release oxygen into the air, playing a vital role in the Earth’s life cycle.

Invasive species

Shorelines are all linked by water and litter can travel along these interconnected systems. Along their journey, different organisms can attach themselves and appear in new habitats where they would not normally be found. More commonly known as invasive species, these plant or animal species can damage the sensitive balance of that ecosystem having detrimental effects on native plants and wildlife.

Water Quality

Many shoreline litter items contain dangerous chemicals that can degrade water quality. A paint can, oil can or battery are each clear examples of items that can easily leak toxic chemicals. Plastics, a material that many litter items contain, can also release a number of toxins once they break down.  

Food Webs

Every living organism is part of a food web and these systems of interconnected food chains can be harmed by shoreline litter in many different ways. These organisms may either ingest a litter item directly or be impacted by the toxins that are released into the environment. Whether it is the smallest microorganism or the largest mammal who suffer damaging effects, this impact will influence the entire food web.